NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES AS ONE OF THE UPCOMING CHALLENGES IN FORENSIC PRACTICE

Publish Year: 1398
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: English
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KAMED13_461

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 10 دی 1398

Abstract:

Background and Aim : Background:Over recent years, novel psychoactive substances have rapidly emerged in illegal and drug black market as legal substitutes for controlled drugs with different chemical structures named new psychoactive substances (NPS). These alternatives have similar pharmacologic effects to their illegal counterparts and can be a serious threat to public health and safety. Rapidly NPS captured a complex and fast-paced market. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) indicates that 70 countries reported the emergence of NPS in their drug black market all over the world. Increasing the availability of NPS, their fast-paced market and widespread trade is drawing attention. The aim of this article is to introduce NPS as an upcoming and new challenge in forensic toxicology practice.Methods : Methods:A literature review was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and Google scholar bibliographical databases with special focus on NPS using the following terms: New Psychoactive Substance , abuse , sources , categorization and toxicity during 2010-2018.Results : Result:Many NPS contain unfamiliar molecules that may share similar pharmacologic effects with the illicit substances they are designed to mimic. Main NPS are categorized as: Synthetic Cathinones such as Mephedrone and Methylone ; Synthetic Cannabinoids that are functionally similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) such as Spice Gold and Spice Diamond ; Ketamine that resembles phencyclidine with street names such as Special K , Kit Kat , and Vitamin K ; Piperazines that resemble amphetamines in pharmacologic activity including BZP and Legal X ; Phenethylamines with pharmacologic activity similar to methamphetamine such as DOI , DOC and PMMA . Plant-based substances like khat , Qat and Arabian Tea ; Keratum , as a CNS stimulantthat contains mitragynine, Krypton a mixture of mitragynine and O-desmethyltramadol; Salvia divinorum with psychoactive properties and street names such as Magic Mint and Salvia ; Miscellaneous substances such as Aminoindanes , Phencyclidine-type substances and Tryptamine . There are many laboratory methods for the detection of NPS in biological matrices in clinical and forensic cases including GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS.Conclusion : Conclusion: NPS cannot be detected using routine methods in forensic toxicology labs. Developing new methods and information propagation is necessary to identify these types of substances

Keywords:

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) , Forensic toxicology , Health issues

Authors

Maryam Akhgari

Forensic Toxicology Department, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

Afshar Etemadi-Aleagha

Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TUMS