How to care for a variety of central venous catheters

In some surgery , the physicion needs to forware a plastic tube as an external object through blood vessel (vena) to the desired limb. this tube is called a catheter which is used in a wide range of surgical operations. what is catheter catheter is a plastic tube which is used in the form of vascular . that means perch inside the large vessels and it gets fixed. this tube more is used at the site of the grorin, neck or chest veins. Due to the high flexibility of this tube with afew change ,it can be used for many surgical operation such as cardiovascular , urology, CNS ,GIS operations. types of catheter: catheter are categorized into two type of temporary and permanen temporary catheter is used until permanent preservative such as the graft to be placed in the veins. These catheters are also used when the patient needs to urgent dialyse. temporary catheter can be used up to six weeks. but these catheters usually replacec every three or four weeks . the catheters that are places in the patiants femur ,should be replaced after twice dialysis and it can be kept for seven days. premancent catheter or permcath usually .is used in patiants who can not to get help form graft or fistula. such patiants mostly have narrow veins .this kind of catheter are long term and effective for one to years. these catheters is called permcath .for to place catheter in the neck from internal jugular vein ,in the chest from axillary or sub clavian vein and in the groin from femoral vein is used . complication of using the catheter: not with standing the catheter are inserted via local anesthesia and have many benefits ,but is has also many dangers. Form short term dangers can be mentiond creat thrombosis, or an infection that can be dengerus to proven thrombosis . dialysis wards nevers ,usually fill the catheter with heparin in the end of dialysis and in other wards pour heparin in the patient daily serum. To prevent the infectin ,perform sterile dressing is necessary too. Dereformation of the arteries, perforation of the aorta and air ambolisma are other, short term risks and complications the use of a catheter, which can be minimized by observing the instraction proper use of the instrument and the correct use of the catheter. indication: fluid infusion -drug infusion (chemotherapy ,long term prescribing drug such a the kind of antibiotics,…) -frequent sampling of blood – institute for supporting nutriation – blood and its products transfusion – injection of conterast agent used in radiology conteract uses access to out of body blood routes(hemodialysis .plasmspheresis and apheresis )monitoring or interaventions – measurement of central venous pressur –oxygen saturation measurement –central vien blood flow , pulmonary artery pressure –deployment of temporary pacemakers –targeted temperative management

Keywords:

catheters- patiants