A mechanistic approach of 3-Monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) toxicity: Emphasis on flow cytometry

Introduction: 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a recognized contaminant that has been caused in a varied range of food materials. The formation of 3-MCPD occurred in foods containing fat and salt which are exposed to high temperatures in manufacturing process. It supposed that the kidney and liver are the main and sensitive endpoint target organ for 3-MCPD. Unfortunately, due to limited facts about possible 3-MCPD production and mechanistic toxicity, we design an investigation to determine the role of oxidative stress based on increased of ROS formation following 3-MCPD exposure. Material and Methods: We tested a range of 3-MCPD concentration (0.01-10 mM) in HEK-293 cell line on isolated mitochondria and cells (0.01, 0.2, 0.5,1 and 2 mM). The cytotoxicity assay in HEK-293 cell line, the isolated cell and mitochondria were performed for evaluation of multiple oxidative stress markers. Results: Our pilot data revealed that the 3-MCPD cytotoxicity is not concentration dependent manner and only the highest cytotoxicity in HEK-293 was observed in lowest concentration of 3-MCPD (10μM). Also, the highest rise in ROS level, MMP collapse and increase in apoptotic cells were observed in isolated kidney or liver cells, without any change in oxidative stress markers in isolated mitochondria. Discussion: It suggested that 3-MCPD can interact with mitochondrial electron transfer which is correlated to induction of ROS production and MDA level, decrease in GSH, and failure in mitochondrial membrane potential which start programmed cell death signaling.

Keywords:

3-Monochloropropane-1 , 2-diol (3-MCPD) , Cell death signaling , Mitochondria , Oxidative stress