Association of dietary acid load with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents

Introduction: High dietary acid load (DAL) may have an influence on anthropometric indices. Given that there was no study on the association between DAL and nthropometric indices children and adolescents, the current study was aimed to examine the association between DAL and anthropometric indices in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: Students aged 6–18 years were recruited using a multi-stage, cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height (Ht), weight (Wt), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, and hip circumference (HC) were measured. WC to HC ratio (WHR), WC-to-Ht ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) z-score, Tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), and parental BMI were computed. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate DAL. The association between DAL and anthropometric indices was evaluated using linearregression models. Results: In total, 5326 students (46.92 % girls), with means (standard deviations (SD)) age of 12.50 (3.14) years participated in the study (response rate: 98.13 %). After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between NEAP and NC (P<0.05). Also, an inverse association was observed between PRAL and NEAP with parental BMI (P<0.05). Conclusion: our findings showed a direct association between diet-induced acid load and NC and an inverse association between DAL indices and parental BMI. More well-designed clinical studies are warranted to confirm our results and the underlying mechanisms.

Keywords:

Diet , Dietary acid load , Obesity , Body Mass Index , Waist-Hip Ratio