Interleukin-35; as a Novel Immuno-biomarker in Epilepsy

Background: The occurrence of the recurrent seizures is termed as epilepsy. The neurobiology mechanisms of epilepsy is inflammation and alteration in permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Inflammation can lead to synaptic changes and neuronal hyper-excitability. Besides pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines exist in epileptogenic microenvironment. Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is one of the latest anti-inflammatory cytokines in immunology field. The purpose of this study was to perform systematic review to determine the role of IL-35 in epilepsy development. Methods: This systematic review was performed to identify studies that were published in Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus databases and Google Scholar search engine, in 2010 - October 2019 time interval by using 4 keywords (Epilepsy, Immuno-biomarker, Interleukin-35, and Inflammation). Of the 96 articles initially identified based on inclusion criteria, 35 were selected based on our exclusion criteria. Findings: Documents have revealed the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B, IL-6 in neuronal epileptogenic brain tissue. It is better to say that if the condition led toward anti-inflammatory state, severity of the epilepsy, and patient prognosis would be more desirable. According to accumulative data, the levels of IL-35 in epileptogenic environment has a negative correlation with the severity of the epilepsy. Conclusion: In attention to the inflammation in epileptogenic environment, high expression of IL-35 may cause less neuronal damage following seizure and improve the prognosis. Also, IL-35 could be as an immunological target in the treatment of the refractory epileptic patients.

Keywords:

Epilepsy , Immuno-biomarker , Interleukin-35 , Inflammation.