Intellectual Disability in Children; a Systematic Review

Aims Intellectual disability is a condition characterised by the inability of a person toundertake normal psychological activities. The purpose of this study was to systematicallyreview the intellectual disability in children and discuss the implications of differentenvironmental and genetic factors, which describe particular categories of intellectualdisable cases.Information & Methods This systematic review was performed in 2014 by searching theexisting literature in PubMed database in the scope of intellectual disability in children . 38articles written from 1987 to 2014 were selected and surveyed for review.Findings The prevalence of ID in the general population is estimated to be approximately 1%.ID disorder is multi-causal, encompassing all factors that interfere with brain developmentand functioning. Causes usually are classified according to the time of the insult, asprenatal, perinatal, and postnatal or acquired. Some causes, such as environmental toxinsor endocrine disorders, may act at multiple times. Others, such as genetic disorders, havedifferent manifestations during postnatal development. The outcome for ID is variable anddepends upon the aetiology, associated conditions, and environmental and social factors. Thegoals of management of ID are to strengthen areas of reduced function, minimize extensivedeterioration in mental cognitive and adaptability, and lastly, to promote optimum or normalfunctioning of the individuals in their community.Conclusion Prominent features of ID include significant failures in both intellectualfunctioning and adaptive behaviour, which comprises daily social and practical life skills,commencing earlier in life.

Keywords:

Intellectual Disability , Disabled Children , Review , Systematic