Leila Shirzadeh - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
Samira Nasrfard - Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
Nooshin Abdollahpour - Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, IR Iran
Gholamreza Khademi - Neonatal Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
Majid Sezavar - Fellowship of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of hyperglycemia in nondiabetic critically ill children and toinvestigate its relationship with mechanical ventilation, length of stay and mortality.Methods: In this original retrospective study, data was (were) collected between 2013 and 2014 from the pediatric intensive careunit data base of Sheikh’s Children Hospital in Mashhad, Iran (one hundred admitted children).Results: From among 97 subjects, 49 subjects (50.5%) were hospitalized for more than 10 days, and the mean length of stay was14 days. The overall mortality rate was 16 subjects (16.5%) and frequency of hyperglycemia was 24 subjects (24.7%). The median forblood glucose measurements was 100 mg/dl. Seventy three subjects (75.3%) had a mean blood glucose level in the normal range.Overall, 18 subjects (18.6%) had at least one blood glucose measurement of 180 mg/dL or higher. There was a significant associationbetween hyperglycemia and mortality (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed positive correlation between blood glucoselevel, length of stay and length of ventilation (P 0.001). The maximum serum glucose concentration positively correlated withduration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Our study found that maximum serum glucose concentration positively correlated with the duration of mechanicalventilation, length of stay, and mortality.

Hyperglycemia, Children, Mortality, Mechanical Ventilation, Length of Stay, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit