The Role of Obesity in the Induction of Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Periodontal Disease in Comparison to the Healthy Subjects. A case-control study

Background: Periodontal disease is inflammatory diseases that leaded to the loss of the supporting tissues of the teeth and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of obesity in the induction of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with periodontal disease (CP) in comparison to the healthy subjects.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 100 T2DM patients with CP and 100 healthy individuals were selected. Participants in both groups were matched based on age and gender .Periodontal parameters including bleeding on probing (BoP + or _), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment lost (CAL) and plaque index (+ or _) were measured by a dentist. For evaluation of obesity, new anthropometric indices (ABSI, BAI, LAP, AVI, Conicity) were calculated by the formula. Individuals were excluded if they receivedinsulin, anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotic). Multiple Linear Regression and Multiple Logestic Regression were used to assess the objectives. Results: After the adjustment of confounding factors (age, sex, ...), Multiple Linear Regression showed a positive significant relationship (p < 0.05) between BAI (R2 = 0.18, B = 0.06), LAP (R2 = 0.40, B = 0.01), AVI (R2 = 0.59, B = 0.14), Conicity (R2 = 0.47, B = 3.30), with PD. Also, this association was significant and positive between CAL with BAI (R2 = 0.26, B = 0.08), LAP (R2 = 0.50, B = 0.02), AVI (R2 = 0.70, B = 0.18), Conicity (R2 = 0.58, B = 4.16). The results of Multiple Logestic Regression showed that BAI, LAP, AVI, Conicity significantly increased (p < 0.01) the number of patients with BoP + (OR = 1.17, OR = 1.08, OR = 1.86, OR = 32248.69, respectively), and plaque + (OR = 1.12, OR = 1.08, OR = 1.48, OR = 306.28, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that new markers of obesity can develop periodontitis in T2DM patients.

Keywords:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus , New index of obesity , Periodontal disease