Ahmad Vahednasiri - M.Sc. student of surgical technology, Student Research Committee of Allied medical sciences faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Salar Einy - BSc student of surgical technology, Student Research Committee, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.

Introduction & Aim: Cancer is the third most common cause of death in our country, and among them, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is known as the sixth deadly cancer. The high incidence of this cancer in northern Iran has doubled the need for further investigation. Methods: In this review article, the comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, Web of Science, SID and Magiran, with using Risk factors, Esophageal and Cancer keywords. Of the articles that have been published since 2010 to 2016, 23 articles were selected and studied. Results: Because there is no significant relationship between esophageal cancer and smoking, alcohol, opium and drinking water hardness, the study of agricultural production and genetic characteristics are on the agenda. Having a family history of cancer has a profound effect on the incidence of cancer. The survival rate of patients in one, two, and three years after the infection was 42%, 21%, and 11%, respectively. Although the ratio of male to female patients is equal, female patients are more likely to survive. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of cancer can provide more therapeutic options and can have a huge impact onpatient healing. The public screening is recommended due to the high genetic factors in the incidence of cancer as well as the rapid diagnosis of the disease.

Risk factors, Esophageal Cancer