Bioinformatics cooperation with archaeogenetics

Archeology considered as a mirror in which archeologists seek to find evidences of ancient life. Hence, ancient materials like potteries, stamps and manuscripts provide common and high informative ancient materials. However, ancient biological reminds such as hair and bones originated from human provide additional information about the ancient people genetic drift, immigration and diversity. In the case of domestic animals, however, pattern of domestication would be followed through ancient DNA which extracted from the remained bones, hair, feather or wool [1]. Based on the archaism of biological materials, DNA undergoes different levels of degradation. Therefore, using common molecular methods, such as DNA cloning or PCR to finding a certain part of DNA might to be impossible. Next generation sequencing provide a plenty of short reads from damaged DNA which considered as a powerful method to overcome the problem of damaged ancient DNA [2, 3]. Bioinformaticians then use these short reads and assemble them to find complete sequence of those ancient DNA molecules, especially their mtDNA sequence. The process is very similar to whole shotgun sequencing methodology. Consequently, bioinformatics cooperative opened new insight over archaeogenetics as interdisciplinary science.

Keywords:

Next Generation Sequencing , Ancient DNA