Application of task-oriented training in Multiple Sclerosis patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive neurologic disease that commonly affects young adults worldwide and it represents a major cause of disability over time. In this population gait and mobility impairments could have a negative impact on personal activities not only restricted to motor domains and participation but also to quality of life. Due to the shift in focus on functional movements rather than solely on muscle activity or movement patterns, there has been a recent assessment and intervention method based on the system model of motor control called the task-oriented approach. Task-oriented training is defined as the repetitive training of significant, functional activities or element of such activities, to acquire well-organized and effective motor skill. Studies on the effects of task-oriented training have demonstrated the efficacy of this approach to improve the functional status of individuals with central nerve system disorders. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of task-oriented training for patient with MS.These studies suggested that this approach can lead to improvements in muscle strength and functional abilities. Rehabilitation should be aimed at increasing patients’ levels of activity and participation as well as their independence in the Activity Daily Living. The task-oriented training has the merit to improve specific skills (balance, endurance, walking speed) by an approach based on principles of motor learning and involves practice of activities that patients are used to do in their daily life, such as climbing stairs, avoiding obstacles or walking independently.