Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome (Diabetes)

Introduction and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome and its related pathologies are responsible for hundred millions of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Role of gut microbiota (GM) in the emergence of metabolic syndrome (MS) related pathologies including type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates or obesity have been discussed in recent years. It seems like that MS is multifactorial and is mainly based on environmental factors. So, in this review, we focused on the critical and recent studies of correlation between GM or probiotic bacteria with the emergence of MS and related pathologies from viewpoints of mechanisms of actions and effects of the change in the microbial population on the health and diseases. Material and Methods: Search method: This review was done using databases including Pubmed and Google scholar search engines with the key words of metabolic syndrome, diabetes gut microbiota, glucose metabolism, hyperlipidemia and mechanism of action. Results: The first importance of findings was that the microbial floor of metabolic syndrome pathologies was changing in comparison with health state of humans. Majority of studies (except for a few studies) confirmed the beneficial effects of GM restoration in treatment of MS related pathologies. The other important point of this review was that many of previous known risk factors seem like having no scientific and real correlations with emergence of MS. And instead, microbial imbalances should be included as a critical risk factor. Conclusion: It seems that previously accepted risk factors such as obesity and aging are the results of imbalances in guts beneficial bacteria and not as a risk factor for induction of diabetes. Certainly, comprehensive studies in the future would clearly illustrate the relation of MS pathologies and gut bacteria.

Keywords:

Metabolic syndrome , Diabetes , Obesity , Gut Microbiota ,