Effect of Fenugreek Deeds on Serum Metabolic Factors and ICAM-۱ (Intercellular adhesion molecule-۱) levels in type ۲ Diabetic Patients

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) especially type۲ is one of the main causes of morbidity in developing countries such as Iran. Recently, fenugreek seeds as medical plant have been considered for treatment of diabetes. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the effects of fenugreek seeds on serum metabolic factors and ICAM-۱ levels in type ۲ diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on ۸۸ T۲DM patients. Subjects in fenugreek seeds (n=۴۴) and placebo (n=۴۴) groups consumed ۱۰ g/d of powdered whole fenugreek seeds or ۵ g/d of wheat starch before two meals for ۸ weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary records and fasting blood samples were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Results: BMI, energy and protein intake were significantly different between placebo and intervention groups at the beginning of the study. Fenugreek seeds significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (P=۰.۰۰۷), HbA۱c (P=۰.۰۰۰۱), serum levels of insulin (P=۰.۰۳), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P=۰.۰۰۴) in trial group compared to the placebo group. No significant changes was seen in ICAM-۱ levels (P=۰.۶۴). Conclusion: Fenugreek seeds improved glucose metabolism. There was no significant difference in ICAM-۱ levels in our intervention, regarding dose and time. It seems that fenugreek seeds may be useful in controlling blood glucose and its complications in type ۲ diabetic patients. References ۱- Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia of nondiabetic origin. In: Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S. Krausechr('۳۹')s food and nutrition therapy Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Diabetes Review. ۲۰۰۸: ۷۶۸-۸۰۴. ۲- Harati H, Hadaegh F, Saadat N, Azizi F. Population-based incidence of type ۲ diabetes and its associated risk factors: results from a six-year cohort study in Iran. 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Key words: Fenugreek seed , Diabetes mellitus , Metabolic factors , ICAM-۱