A case control study of gut dominant bacterial phylum in people with type-۲ diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background and Aim : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main reason for chronic liver disease, with an incidence that is growing in parallel with the global rise in obesity and type ۲ diabetes mellitus (T۲DM). The role of the gut microbiome (GM) is gaining interest as a significant factor in NAFLD and T۲DM pathogenesis. This study aimed to contrasts the differences of dominant GM phyla among patients with NAFLD as compared to T۲DM and control groups.Methods : Group-specific primers were designed to target the ۱۶SrRNA genes of major bacterial phylum present in the gut. After the validation of their specificity, these primers were used in the real-time PCR quantification of phyla in the fecal samples of NAFLD patients with T۲DM, NAFLD patients without T۲DM, patients only with T۲DM, and healthy control subjects.Results : Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla were significantly low in NAFLD patients with T۲DM (Firmicutes, ۲.۵۵ ± ۲.۲۵, Pv ۰/۰۰۰۲ and Bacteroidetes, ۱.۵۵ ± ۲.۲۹, Pv ۰/۰۰۰۷). In comparing bacteria phyla between NAFLD and NAFLD with T۲DM groups, there were significant differences in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (Pv <۰.۰۵). Furthermore, in comparison to bacteria phyla between T۲DM and NAFLD with T۲DM groups, there were significant differences in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (Pv <۰.۰۵).Conclusion : To conclude, our findings showed that the NAFLD patients with T۲DM were characterized by different gut compositions. This study supports the role of GM in the pathogenesis of T۲DM and NAFLD.

Keywords:

Gut microbiota , Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , Type ۲ diabetes mellitus