Investigation of the Complex of Cream Instruments in the Steel and Oil Industry

In recent years, the complexing mechanisms of various organic compounds, especially carboxylic acids in trivalent cream baths have been studied. Complexes with a certain minimum stability as well as a high thermodynamic stability are desirable. In this case, the additional potential increases the tendency of the thermodynamic stability of the trivalent cream complex to regenerate. Aqueous complexes have minimal thermodynamic stability while also having high kinetic stability for neutrality. Complexes such as glycolic and formic acid have a high creaming power. For several years, the use of a trivalent solution instead of a hexavalent ion has been considered in cream plating. The first process of decorative deposition of trivalent cream began in ۱۹۷۵ in the United Kingdom and in ۱۹۷۶ in the United States. Environmental issues, safety and benefits are the factors of industrialization of this process. Hexavalent cream ions are carcinogenic and cause sores on the skin. The toxicity of trivalent cream ions is about ۱۰۰ times lower than that of hexavalent cream ions. Trivalent cream processes produce less steam than hexavalent cream. Therefore, there is no need for a gas purifier. Effluent treatment in this process is reduced tenfold because the concentration of trivalent cream is one tenth of its concentration in hexavalent processes. All of this has led to the development of cream plating based on trivalent cream compounds.

Keywords:

Cream , Capacity , Environmental Issues , Industry , ions