Parental effects in insects

Parental effects are an essential source of phenotypic variation that occurs when the phenotype of an individual is affected by the phenotype or the environmental conditions experienced by its parents.Parental effects in insects have been investigated in the context of insect age, food quality and quantity, temperature, photoperiod, toxin exposure, pathogenic infections, environmental stressors, and population density. In insects, parents influence different features of offspring, often in a sex-specific manner. Parental effects represent an adaptation in which the parent's phenotype or environment affects the offspring's phenotype in a way that prepares them to cope better in similar situations.

Keywords:

Epigenetic , Insect , Maternal effect , Parental effect , Paternal effect