Endovascular Technique and treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs : a review

Varicose veins are twisted, dilated veins most commonly located on the lower extremities. Risk factors include chronic cough, constipation, family history of venous disease, female sex, obesity, older age, pregnancy, and prolonged standing. The exact pathophysiology is debated, but it involves a genetic predisposition, incompetent valves, weakened vascular walls, and increased intravenous pressure. A heavy, achy feeling; itching or burning; and worsening with prolonged standing are all symptoms of varicose veins. Potential complications include infection, leg ulcers, stasis changes, and thrombosis. Some conservative treatment options are avoidance of prolonged standing and straining, elevation of the affected leg, exercise, external compression, loosening of restrictive clothing, medical therapy, modification of cardiovascular risk factors, reduction of peripheral edema, and weight loss. Various treatment options are available; however, the newer endovascular options are easy, highly effective, safe, and quick in relieving symptoms. Endovascular treatment options include thermal ablation, mechanochemical ablation, and foam sclerotherapy. This review article briefly describes various scoring systems used in varicose veins, the role of imaging, different management techniques, and guidelines proposed in the management of this condition.

Keywords:

Endovascular , varicose veins , sclerotherapy