Beneficial Effects of Dual Frequency Sonodynamic Therapy and Hematoporphyrin Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Mice Breast Adenocarcinoma

Background: Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) may be a new hopeful non-invasive method for cancer treatment, which incorporates a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and a sonosensitive chemical. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of dual-frequency sonication (۱ and ۳ MHz) and injected Hematoporphyrin encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HP-MSNs) as a sensitizer in the treatment of mice grafted with breast adenocarcinoma.Methods: In this research, one hundred and thirty-two female mice with grafted breast adenocarcinoma were separated into ۲۲ groups including control, sham, ۴ groups of sonication ۱ or ۳ MHz (۱ and ۲ W/cm۲), and ۱۶ groups of SDT with Hematoporphyrin (HP) and HP-MSNs (۲.۵ and ۵ mg/kg). The tumor growth factors and tumor grading were used to assess the treatment management.Results: The results indicate that dual-frequency sonication has a delayed effect on tumor growth. The required time of T۵ to the initial volume in all groups of SDT with HP (۵ mg/kg) was greater than that in the control group (P<۰.۰۵). It was observed that SDT with an injection of HP-MSNs was effective in delaying tumor growth and the time of T۲ and T۵ was higher than that of other groups (P<۰.۰۵). This group had Grade II (intermediate), while others had Grade III (high) malignancy in the histological study of mice breast adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Our results reveal that dual-frequency SDT therapy with HP-MSN has a delaying tumor growth effect on mice breast adenocarcinoma. Hence, the expansion of minimally invasive methods such as SDT is necessary.

Keywords:

breast cancer , Adenocarcinoma , Dual frequency , Sonodynamic therapy , Hematoporphyrin , Mesoporous silica nanoparticle