The physiology of vitamin D and its involvement in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a leading reason of global mortality. The most common causes of CVD-related deaths are ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. Cardiac ischemia is correlated with coronary artery stenosis, which disrupts blood flow to the muscle of heart, also recognized as coronary artery disease. A stroke is also caused by a sudden blockage of blood flow to the brain or a rupture of blood vessels, both of which block blood flow to the brain tissue and deprive the brain of glucose and oxygen. Cardiovascular diseases can be affected by ethnicity, gender, lifestyle, genetic factors, and so on. Vitamin D, now known as a neurosteroid, have a main role in the body's physiological activities. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that could be synthesized in the skin and act as a hormone. Vitamin D deficiency increases the susceptibility to vascular disease and ischemic stroke in people. Vitamin D may have a main role in cardiovascular disease by interfering with various mechanisms such as inflammation, thrombosis, renin-angiotensin system, etc. The aim of this study was to describe the important cardiovascular diseases and the physiology of vitamin D and its role in cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:

Cardiovascular Diseases , Vitamin D , Thrombosis , Cardiomyocytes