Advances in drug delivery techniques facilitate the clinicaltranslation of antiviral phytochemicals

This study reviews the use of plant-based compounds with antiviral properties forthe treatment of viral diseases, as well as the challenges associated with clinicaltranslation due to low bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. The purpose of thisreview is to provide insight into how drug delivery strategies may improve theefficacy and safety of antiviral plant compounds, ultimately facilitating their clinicaltranslation. Recent advances in drug delivery systems use nanotechnology andbiotechnology to improve chemical absorption, distribution, and retention.Phytosomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, self-microemulsifying (SMDDS) and selfnanoemulsifying(SNDDS) delivery systems, hydrogels, transferosomes, andautosomes are among the main delivery strategies. These strategies have beenutilized to boost the bioavailability of phytochemicals, such as employing chitosancatechin and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) nanoparticles and the SMDDStechnique to increase the bioavailability of puerarin. Pharmacological formulationssuch as using chitosan catechin and EGCG nanoparticles, and the SMDDS techniquecould increase the bioavailability of puerarin. Pharmaceutical formulations such ascyclodextrins, surfactants, solvents, and hydrotropes may enhance or reduce drugpermeability.

Keywords:

antiviral , drug delivery , nanotechnology , plant compounds