miR-۲۱ as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for viral diseases

Background: Aberrant alteration of the endogenous miRNAs has been linkes.ed to the development of certain diseases. In most viral infections, miR-۲۱ is normally highly expressed and plays an important role in host-virus interactions.miR-۲۱ overexpression is involved in many oncogenic pathways in cancer and other malignancies. results suggest that miR-۲۱ may be a ‘two-faced’ molecule, which activates the immune system to clear viruses at the early infectious stage, but when the host is unable to resist the infection, it promotes the infection under unknown mechanisms. Correcting these altered miRNAs by their inhibitors has been developed as potential therapeutic approaches.Materials and Methods: miRNA-۲۱ is among the most abundant and highly conserved (miRNAs)recognized. It is expressed in essentially all cells where it performs vital regulatory roles in health and disease. It is also frequently claimed to be a biomarker of diseases such as cancer and heart disease miRNA studies.miR-۲۱ was among the first identified microRNAs and islocated within the Vacuole Membrane Protein ۱ (VMP۱)locus on chromosome ۱۷ and its biogenesis relies on RNA polymerase IIAlthough upregulated miR-۲۱ promotes T-cell activation and further activates the immune system, viral replication is often enhanced in most infectionsViral infection has largely resulted in thedysregulation of host miRNAs, which drive the pathogenesis through promoting the evasion of antiviral immune responses and enhancing viral replicationAND in HBV, HCV, HPV, and EBV contributes to the pathogenesisIn HBV-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma, miR۲۱ may be one of the potential diagnostic markersfor recurrence.in patients with persistent HCV infection, miR-۲۱can be used as a promising serum biomarker toevaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapy miR-۲۱ also showed a goodperformance as adiagnostic biomarker for cervical cancer infected by HPV miR-۲۱ was targeted to produce attenuated influenza A virus, which induced protective immune responses in miceResults: Correcting these altered miRNAs by their inhibitors has been developed as potential therapeutic approaches.Conclusion: Abnormal expression of miR-۲۱ is closely associated with viral infections and tumours. . Although upregulated miR-۲۱ promotes T-cell activation and further activates the immune system, viral replication is often enhanced in most infections. These results suggest that miR۲۱ may be a ‘two-faced’ molecule, which activates the immune system to clear viruses at the early infectious stage, but when the host is unable to resist the infection, it promotes the infection under unknown mechanisms.

Keywords:

miR-۲۱- HBV , HCV , HPV