A Perspective of Biomedicinal/Pharmaceutical/Drug Delivery and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Chitin, Chitosan, and Their Derivatives

Inflammation encompasses various physiological and pathological processes that roles as one of the body’s immune responses against pathogens, toxic chemicals, or physical injury. As a novelfinding, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a potential case to therapy inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In human colonic epithelial cells (T84 cells), COS treatment prevented NF-κB activation, production of TNF-α and IL-6, and loss of epithelial barrier integrity under both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF-α-stimulated conditions. Furthermore, binding of LPS to T84cells, and TNF-α and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of T84 cells were prevented by treatment with COS. These results suggest that COS may be effective in the treatment of IBD through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Studies suggest that COSmay have the anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulus of TNF-α in the LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Some of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives with antiinflammatory effect as well as low toxicity can prove to be potential candidates in developing functional foods and medication capable of preventing or treating several chronic diseases such asperiodontal disease, hepatitis, arthritis, gastritis, colitis, and atherosclerosis. This study proves that chitosan is a potential excipient in oral formulations as a drug delivery vehicle for ulcerogenic anti-inflammatory drugs and gives the readers a vision of Oxygen-Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of these biopolymers and also their influences on promoting human body defences.

Keywords:

Chitin , Chitosan , COS , Drug , Anti-Inflammatory , NF-Κb