An Examination of the Effect of Rutin against Neurotoxicity Induced by Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic in Wistar Rats

Rutin is a citrus flavonoid that exists in different types of food, such as fruits, tea, as well as vegetables, and is considered a natural antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of Rutin in oxidative stress-induced in Wistar rats exposed to Ciprofloxacin (CPX). The study included ۳۶ healthy adult Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into six groups (n=۶). The control group (C) received normal drinking water for ۲۰ days. The first treatment group (T۱) received Rutin at a dose of ۵۰ mg/kg of b.w for ۲۰ days. The second treatment group (T۲) received CPX antibiotic at a dose of ۱۴ mg/kg of b.w for ۲۰ days. The third treatment group (T۳) received Rutin at a dose of ۵۰ mg/kg of b.w for ۲۰ days, and afterward, they received CPX antibiotic at a dose of ۱۴ mg/kg of b.w for ۲۰ days. The fourth treatment group (T۴) received CPX antibiotic at a dose of ۱۴ mg/kg of b.w for ۲۰ days, and then, they received Rutin at a dose of ۵۰ mg/kg of b.w for ۲۰ days. The fifth treatment group (T۵) received CPX antibiotic at a dose of ۱۴ mg/ kg of b.w and Rutin at a dose of ۵۰ mg/ kg of b.w together for ۲۰ days. All the treatments were administrated by oral gavage. Analysis of the recorded data showed a significant increase (P<۰.۰۵) in the concentration of Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in the T۲ group, compared to the other groups. The MDA level significantly (P<۰.۰۵) increased in the T۳ group (۲.۲۹±۰.۰۴), compared to the C (۱.۷۱±۰.۰۱), T۱ (۱.۵۴±۰.۰۴), T۴ (۱.۱۸±۰.۰۲), and T۵ (۱.۲۹±۰.۰۳) groups. However, there were no significant differences (P<۰.۰۵) between the C (۱.۷۱±۰.۰۱) and T۱ (۱.۵۴±۰.۰۴) groups, as well as the T۴ (۱.۱۸±۰.۰۲) and T۵ (۱.۲۹±۰.۰۳) groups with regards to the MDA. The results clarified a significant increase (P<۰.۰۵) in the antioxidant activity, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) contents in the T۱ group, determined at ۵.۹۱±۰.۲۶, ۵.۷۸±۰.۰۲, and ۱.۹۸±۰.۰۵, respectively, compared to the other groups. The lowest antioxidant activity, GSH, SOD, and CAT contents were recorded in the T۲ group, in comparison with the other groups (P<۰.۰۵). The findings revealed that the level of SOD, GSH, and CAT in the T۴ and T۵ groups significantly (P<۰.۰۵) increased, compared to the T۲ and T۳ groups. Histological examination of the slides obtained from the brain demonstrated that in the T۲ group, some histopathological changes were observed, compared to the C, T۱, T۴, and T۵ groups. These changes were as follows: ۱) damaged and clear blood vessel congestion with the deposition of fibrous networks, ۲) brain edema, ۳) multiple necrotic foci, ۴) accumulation of neutrophils, and ۵) simple histopathological changes in the brain of animals in the T۲ group, compared to the other groups. It is, therefore, concluded that Rutin supplementation at a dose of ۵۰ mg/kg b.w can be the most appropriate dose in protecting brain tissue against tissue damages caused by CPX.

Keywords:

Central Nervous System , ciprofloxacin , flavonoid Rutin , Neurotoxicity