Investigating the Application of Orem's Self-Care Nursing Theory for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Study Design

Background and Objectives: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder that is highly frequent in children. This leads to serious health challenges for children of different severity levels. Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory helps parents get involved in their child’s care, leading to better outcomes and healthcare experiences. Accordingly, this case study examines the effectiveness of applying Orem's self-care nursing theory to a child with SMA and his parents. Methods: This study used Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory to treat particular self-care deficiencies relating to mobility, eating, swallowing, and respiratory function in a ۳-year-old child with SMA Type I. The researcher recognized the patient’s lack of self-care and created a tailored plan for self-management training. The initial steps were to understand the patient's needs, organize the implementation, and create the educational system. The final phase entailed implementing the self-care program and assessing its success. The following methods were used to gather the data: structured interviews and surveys on Orem’s theory and self-care ability. A ۶۰-min educational intervention was broken up into four in-person sessions. Results: This study illustrates the useful application of theories in illness management. This theory was used to identify deficiencies in movement, feeding, swallowing, and respiratory function. Nursing interventions focused on neuromuscular deficits, while educational interventions enhanced parents' awareness. Conclusions: This case study investigates the usefulness of Orem's theory in controlling SMA, empowering parents, emphasizing patient-centered care, and the possible advantages of nursing theories in treating chronic diseases.

Keywords:

Nursing education , Spinal muscular atrophy , Nursing theories , Children , Neuromuscular disorders