Effects of Different Levels of Protein, Lipid and their Interaction on Growth Factors of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) Post Larvae

Three experiments of ۶۰ days duration were conducted in post larval stage of Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus, to explore the appropriate protein: lipid ratios in their diets. A common ingredient mixture consisting of; fish meal, shrimp meal, ground nut oil cake, cholesterol, lecithin, vitamins and minerals blended with chicken egg albumin, tapioca flour and cellulose (filler) was used to formulate nine feeds with protein levels of ۳۵%, ۴۰% and ۴۵% and lipid levels of ۶%, ۹% and ۱۲%. Nutritional responses in terms of WG, RGR, FCR, FCE, PER and PLV indicated that there was no ۲-way significant (p>۰.۰۵) interaction between protein and lipids levels in any of parameters mentioned; however, the effect of lipids, when tested individually, showed significant variation (P> ۰.۰۵). Comparison of mean values showedsignificantly higher WG, RGR, lower FCR, higher FCE and decreased PLV in ۴۵% protein and ۱۲% lipids.   REFERENCES Bhattacharya, B., Sarkar, S. K. and Maji, P. K (۱۹۹۴) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in flora and fauna of Hooglily Estuary, East Coast of India. Toxicol. Environ. Chem., ۴۲, ۱۲۳-۱۳۰. Boughriet, A., Ouddane, B., Fischer, J. C., Wastel, M. and Leman, G. (۱۹۹۲) Variability of dissolved Mn and Zn in the Seine Estuary and chemical speciation of these metals in suspended matter. Water Res., ۲۶, ۱۳۵۹-۱۳۷۸. Chapman, D. (۱۹۹۲) Water quality assessment. A guide to the use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. Published on behalf of UNESCO, WHO and UNEP. Chapman Hall, London. Davis, A. G. (۱۹۸۳) The effects of heavy metals upon natural marine phytoplankton population. Prog. Phycol. Res., ۲,۱۱۳-۱۴۵. Goulden, P. D. (۱۹۷۸) Environmental pollution analysis. Heyden and Sons Ltd. Norfolk. Konar, S.K. and Mullick, S. (۱۹۹۳) Pollutional hazards of coastal waters by petrol, detergents and heavy metals. Environ. Ecol. ۱۱, ۶۸۸-۶۹۰.  Kraepiel, A. M. L., Chiffoleau, J.F., Martin, J.M., Morel, F.M.M. (۱۹۹۷) Geochemistry of trace metals in the Gironde Estuary. Geochim. Cosmochin Acta., ۶۱, ۱۴۲۱-۱۴۳۶.  Lee, S.H. and Lee, K.W. (۱۹۸۳) Heavy metals in sediments from Juhae Bay, Korea. Haeyang Haklwechi, ۱۸, ۴۹-۵۴. Morris, A.W. (۱۹۹۰). Kinetic and equilibrium approaches to estuarine chemistry. Sci. Tot. Environ, ۹۷, ۲۵۳-۲۶۶. Vanzquez, G. F., Diaz, R. A., Salvador, L. G. and Virender, K.S. (۱۹۹۸) Dissolve metals in Alvarado Lagoon, Mexico. Environ. Inter. ۲۴, ۷۲۱-۷۲۷.

Keywords:

Fenneropenaeus indicus , Protein: Lipid , Growth performances , Nutritional response