Cultivation of peas, Pisum sativum L. in organic farming

Pea, Pisum sativum L. is a popular legume crop, the advantage of which is that nitrogen accumulates in the soil after its cultivation. It requires less nitrogen fertilizers, since nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found on the roots of the crop. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of biological and chemical preparations on the yield and content of heavy metals in peas. The Aksaisky Usatyi ۵۵ pea variety was selected, characterized by the drought and heat resistance. In total, two experiments were conducted. Experiment ۱ included sowing peas with the introduction of organic manure at a calculated dose of ۱۰ ton ha-۱. Biometric indicators of pea plants corresponding to the characteristics of the variety were recorded. On average the vegetation period took ۹۴ days, and the height of the plants by the ripening phase was ۵۰.۹ cm. Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Plantaginaceae represented the weed families. According to the weed estimation scale, the weed infestation was slight or negligible. The yield of peas ranged from ۱۲.۵ to ۱۷.۰ c ha-۱, the maximum yield was obtained in the variant using the Baikal EM-۱ biological preparation (۱۷.۰ c ha-۱), compared to the control variant (۱۲.۵ c ha-۱). The pea quality ranged from ۱۶.۴ to ۱۸.۵%; the carbohydrate content from ۶۷.۷ to ۶۹.۵%; fiber from ۳.۸ to ۴.۹%; fat from ۰.۷ to ۱.۶%; and ash from ۱.۹ to ۲.۸%. The heavy metal content was within the maximum permissible concentration. The heavy metal content in peas ranged from ۰.۷۹ to ۴۶.۰ mg kg-۱, in the control variant from ۰.۶۰ to ۴۰.۶۴ mg kg-۱, with the use of chemicals from ۱.۲۰ to ۴۶.۰ mg kg-۱, and with the use of biological preparations from ۰.۹۲ to ۴۰.۷۲ mg kg-۱.

Keywords:

plant , Biometric indicators , Heavy metal content , Organic farming , Pea crop , Weed infestation