Intellectual Property Management in Early-Stage Technology Ventures: A Qualitative Study

The objective of this study was to explore the strategies and challenges associated with intellectual property (IP) management in early-stage technology ventures. By examining how these ventures navigate the complexities of IP, the study aims to provide insights into the practices that contribute to their innovation, competitive advantage, and long-term sustainability. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with ۲۷ participants who were actively involved in managing IP within early-stage technology ventures. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure relevant experience in IP management. Data were collected until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, following a thematic analysis approach to identify key themes and subthemes. The analysis revealed three main themes: the importance of IP, IP management strategies, and challenges in IP management. Participants highlighted the strategic role of IP in providing a competitive edge, attracting investment, and facilitating market differentiation. Key strategies identified included systematic identification and protection of IP, collaboration and partnerships, and enforcement mechanisms. Challenges encompassed financial constraints, legal and regulatory complexities, lack of IP knowledge, internal organizational issues, and external threats such as cybersecurity risks and global competition. These findings align with existing literature on IP management and underscore the multifaceted nature of IP in early-stage ventures. Effective IP management is crucial for the success of early-stage technology ventures. The study emphasizes the need for robust IP strategies, education and expertise in IP, strategic collaborations, and vigilant enforcement mechanisms. Addressing financial and regulatory challenges and investing in cybersecurity are essential for mitigating risks and sustaining competitive advantage. The insights gained can inform entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers in developing practices and policies that support innovation and growth in the technology sector.