Investigation of Heavy Metals, Nitrate, and Nitrite in The Commonly Available Commercial Packed Drinking Water in Mashhad, Iran
Publish Year: 1403
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: English
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شناسه ملی سند علمی:
JR_PJMT-13-1_002
تاریخ نمایه سازی: 30 تیر 1403
Abstract:
Background: Due to the increasing consumption of bottled water in recent years, to ensure the safety, we aimed to evaluate the concentration of ۶ toxic heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite components in the commonly sold bottled water in Mashhad, Iran.Methods: The ۱۱ best-selling bottled water brand in Mashhad were identified. Eight bottles from each brand were randomly collected and delivered at the same day to toxicology laboratory of Imam Reza Hospital and refrigerated at ۴-۶ °C. Spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry and were used to measure the nitrate, nitrite and heavy metals, respectively. The results were analyzed by SPSS version ۱۶ and compared with the WHO and Australian guidelines. Also, the discrepancy between measured components and the depicted labels’ values were compared.Results: The mean and SD of concentrations of the heavy metals in ۱۱ brand were as below: lead ۱.۶۲±۰.۸۶ [µg/L], chromium ۱.۰۳±۰.۸۴ [µg/L], cadmium ۰.۱۷±۰.۰۷ [µg/L], mercury ۳.۸۶±۱.۵۷ [µg/L], arsenic ۰.۸۹±۰.۴۶ [µg/L], aluminum ۶.۵۶±۴.۵۴ [µg/L]. The mean and SD measured quantities of nitrate, nitrite and pH were ۹.۹۶±۵.۹۵ [mg/L], ۰.۰۱±۰.۰۳ [mg/L] and ۷.۹۲±۵.۹۵, respectively. There was a significant difference between the label values and the quantitative levels except for ۳ brands, which was observed with a p value of ۰.۵۱۸ and ۰.۶۴۲ for nitrate level in N۴ and N۱۱ brands, as well as ۰.۶۸۱ for pH level in N۷ brand. The measured values of heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite in all samples were within domestic, WHO and Australian limits, except for mercury in ۹ samples which exceeded the Australian standard [less than ۱ µg/L].Conclusion: The heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite concentrations in all samples were within the domestic, WHO and Australian ranges, except for mercury in ۹ samples that exceeded the Australian standard. There was a discrepancy between entries of the bottled labels and the measured quantities.
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Authors
Seyed Reza Mousavi
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Sam Elmi
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mahdi Balali-Mood
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Monavar Afzalaghaee
Department of Social Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mahdi Jannati
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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