Concise Review on Herbal Medicine Effects on Combating Newcastle Disease Virus as a Threat to the Poultry Industry

Many domestic and wild avian species are afflicted with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an infectious bird illness. It is a zoonotic illness with a broad geographic prevalence. The avian paramyxovirus serotype ۱ virus, together with viruses of the other eight serotypes (avian paramyxovirus ۱–۹), has been classified as belonging to the genus Avulavirus, subfamily paramyxovirinae, and family paramyxoviridae. Most of Asia, Africa, and certain North and South American nations have endemic outbreaks of the dangerous NDV virus in chickens. The clinical symptoms of Paramyxovirus, a virus with a global distribution that affects chickens of all ages, vary greatly depending on the viral strain, species and age of the bird, treatment, concomitant diseases, and pre-existing immunity. Respiratory aerosols, exposure to faeces and other excretions fromdiseased birds, recently introduced birds, selling and giving away ill birds, and contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment, cannibalism,and clothes are all ways that NDV is spread. The clinical manifestations of the illness include rales, tremors, paralyzed wings and legs, twistednecks, circling, colonic spasms, and total paralysis. When a human is exposed to high levels of the virus, Newcastle disease virus may result inconjunctivitis. Since the dawn of civilization, natural remedies derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine sources have beenused to cure a variety of illnesses. The basis for contemporary drug research is information from our predecessors. This review aims to provide asuccinct overview of the effects of herbal medicines in treating the Newcastle disease virus.

Keywords:

Newcastle disease , Strains , Pathogenicity , Zoonosis , Herbal medicine