Innovative Strategies for Mitigating Acid Mine Drainage: A Comprehensive Review of Prevention Techniques

The issue of acidic mine drainage arising from mineral mining and processing significantly exacerbates environmental pollution. The oxidation of sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite, in the presence of air, moisture, and microorganisms leads to AMD generation, characterized by high acidity and elevated levels of sulfate and metals. Managing AMD is crucial due to its detrimental environmental and health impacts. This review explores AMD formation mechanisms, environmental consequences, and various technologies for prevention and treatment, emphasizing surface passivation methods such as organic, inorganic, and carrier-microencapsulation techniques. Understanding these strategies is vital for mitigating AMD and safeguarding the environment.

Keywords:

Acid mine drainage , Prevention technology , Heavy metals , Pyrite Oxidation , resource recovery , Surface passivation