Factors Associated With In-Hospital Death Among Pneumonia Patients in US Hospitals From ۲۰۱۶~۲۰۱۹

Background  Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of hospital admission in the United States with a global health burden of about ۶.۸ million hospitalizations and ۱.۱ million deaths in patients over ۶۵ years old in ۲۰۱۵. This study aimed to identify possible patient and hospital-related risk factors for in-hospital pneumonia death across US hospitals.Methods  The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify nationwide pneumonia patients (n = ۳۷۴ ۷۶۶, weighted n = ۱ ۸۷۳ ۸۲۸) from ۲۰۱۶ to ۲۰۱۹. We examined the characteristics of the study sample and their association with in-hospital death. Multivariate survey logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors.Results  During the study periods, in-hospital death rates continuously decreased (۲.۴۵% in ۲۰۱۶ to ۲.۱۹% in ۲۰۱۹). Descriptive statistics showed that patient and hospital factors had varied in-hospital death rates. Survey logistic regression results suggested that male, very low income, non-Medicare, government hospitals, rural hospitals, and specific hospital regions were associated with higher in-hospital death rates than their reference groups.Conclusion  Socioeconomic factors, including income and insurance, are associated with pneumonia mortality. Census region, hospital ownership, and rural location are also related to in-hospital mortality. Such findings in underserved, impoverished, and rural areas to identify possible health disparities.

Keywords:

Pneumonia , NIS Sample , In-Hospital Death , Health Disparity