Immunomorphometric Analysis of CD۸۲ in Colorectal Carcinoma and its Prognostic Significance

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a highly aggressive tumor of the digestive tract, and its incidence and mortality rates are gradually rising. Tumor metastasis is considered a major obstacle to successful treatment. Therefore, assessing new biomarkers of CRC metastasis and prognosis is mandatory. CD۸۲ is regarded as a wide-spectrum metastasis and invasion suppressor. Loss of CD۸۲ expression is a commonly notable biological characteristic of colon carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of KAI-۱/CD۸۲ as prognostic markers in various stages of CRC. Materials and Methods: Paraffin blocks and clinicopathological data of ۵۰ patients with CRC were obtained from private laboratories. The expression of CD۸۲ tumor cells was immunohistochemically assessed by image analysis in all specimens of CRC. CD۸۲ cell tumor cell expression was classified into low and high groups. Results: Among the ۵۰ cases of CRC, ۱۸ (۳۶%) had high levels of positive KAI۱/CD۸۲ expression, whereas ۳۲ cases (۶۴%) had low levels. The immunohistochemical expression of KAI۱/CD۸۲ in CRC cases under investigation showed statistically significant inverse correlations with depth of invasion, presence of distant metastasis, stage, and Duke’s classification, but not with tumor grade or lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Accordingly, immunomorphometric analysis of CD۸۲ in tumor cells can be utilized as an accurate tool to assess factors such as prognosis, treatment response, metastatic disease, and tumor recurrence. KAI۱/CD۸۲ may be viable therapeutic targets to reduce the risk of CRC patients developing metastatic disease.