Unveiling the Key Risk Factors of Dementia In Elderly Populations: Insights From a Systematic Review

Objectives. Dementia and cognitive impairment can arise from a combination of genetic and changeable factors. There is substantial evidence supporting the impact of changeable factors, highlighting the urgent need for consistent evaluation. This study aimed to provide a narrative assessment of the risk factors associated with the incidence of dementia in older adults. Methods. The review follows the PRISMA to systematically structure the report. Literature searches were carried out on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and ProQuest. The quality of the studies was evaluated using NIH criteria, and the RoB using the ROBINS-E tool. Results. ۱,۶۵۸ literatures were collected in the initial search. After the screening process, ۱۶ literatures were eligible. Based on the collected studies, approximately twenty-seven risk factors were categorized into four categories including demographic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and psych disorders. The majority of the studies reviewed focused extensively on depression, with hypertension and a history of stroke also emerging as frequently discussed subjects. Conclusion. Dementia in the elderly is closely related to disturbances in the psychological condition of the elderly, especially depression. This information is important for health workers in determining appropriate interventions as prevention

Keywords:

Dementia , elderly , risk factors , psych disorders , Chronic disease