Morphometrical and Molecular Identification of Echinococcus granulosus Genotypes in peri-urban wild dogs from an endemic focus in Northwest of Iran

Abstract Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasite responsible for causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals. Cystic echinococcosis is recognized as a major public health issue in Iran, with numerous endemic areas spread throughout the country. The primary definitive hosts for E. granulosus, known to play a vital role in the transmission and sustainability of the parasite's life cycle, have been identified as wild dogs (Canis familiaris). Understanding the genetic diversity and distribution of E. granulosus genotypes in these wild dogs is important for effective control and prevention strategies. Between ۲۰۱۹ and ۲۰۲۲, a total of ۶۸ peri-urban wild dogs, consisting of ۴۷ males and ۲۱ females, were captured, with unfortunate fatalities resulting from car accidents or illnesses. The morphological and molecular investigation was performed to establish the presence of E. granulosus. The identification of E. granulosus genotypes was carried out by conducted COX۱ and NADH۱ gene sequencing. Out of ۶۸ examined peri-urban wild dogs, ۸ (۱۱.۷%) were positive for E. granulosus by morphological and molecular analysis. By conducting PCR and, it was determined that the peri-urban wild dogs that were infected with E. granulosus carried the sheep strain (G۱) genotype. This study successfully identified the presence of E. granulosus in peri-urban wild dogs, specifically with the G۱ genotype. This finding highlights the potential risk these dogs pose as carriers of this zoonotic parasite, which can be transmitted to humans and other animals. Further research and surveillance are crucial to better understand the epidemiology of E. granulosus and develop effective strategies for its control and eradication.

Keywords:

Echinococcus granulosus , genotypes , Iran , molecular identification , Wild dogs