TH۱/TH۲ Cytokine Profile and Their Relationship with Hematological Parameters in Patients with Acute Limb Ischemia

Background: The progression of acute limb ischemia (ALI) is being significantly influenced by changes in immune system function. The study aimed to determine the dominant immune cell responses (Th۱ or Th۲) in ALI patients by measuring serum levels of IL-۴, IL-۱۲, and IFN-γ. Previous studies indicate altered cytokine levels in cerebral ischemia, but there is no prior research on these cytokines in ALI patients. Methods: This study involved ۳۴ patients with ALI and ۳۴ healthy controls. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological factors such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, platelet (Plt) count, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT). The levels of serum cytokines IL-۴, IL-۱۲, and IFN-γ were measured in both patients and control subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS and GraphPad Prism. Results: The results showed that serum levels of IL-۴ in ALI patients did not significantly differ from those in control groups. Acute limb ischemia exhibited significantly elevated levels of IL-۱۲ and IFN-γ compared to healthy individuals. In addition, no correlation between the production of cytokines and the hematological parameters was found. Conclusion: Th۱ responses are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALI, but further research is needed to fully understand their exact role.

Keywords:

Fibrinogen , ORF-۹b protein , SARS-CoV-۲ , Serum Albumin.