Numerical investigation on the effect of baffle lengths on increasing heat transfer of nanofluid over a backward-facing step

Various factors, including the use of a backward-facing step and baffles in the flow path, affect the amount of heat transfer, which has many applications in engineering. This study numerically investigates how the presence and lengths of baffles affect the enhancement of heat transfer in water-based copper nanofluid within the laminar flow range. The results demonstrate that as the length of the first baffle increases, the maximum Nusselt number, pressure drop, and area with high-velocity streamlines also increase, but the number of vortices decreases. It is also observed that the velocity along a line between the baffles remains the same for different lengths.

Keywords:

Baffle , Heat transfer , Nusselt number , Nanofluid , laminar flow