The Impact of Distributed Generation Units Based on Renewable Energy on Power System Protection and Stability

The integration of renewable energy sources into modern power networks presents both opportunities and challenges. This paper explores the impact of distributed generation (DG) units, particularly those based on renewable energy, on the efficiency, reliability, and protection of power systems. Distributed generation reduces transmission losses, enhances energy security, and supports the decentralization of electricity production. However, it introduces complexities in protection systems due to bidirectional power flows and variable generation from renewable resources such as solar and wind. A proposed schematic, incorporating advanced protection methods and dynamic relay settings, addresses these challenges by ensuring fault isolation, network stability, and optimized coordination. Using simulated networks, including a ۱۳-bus radial network, the performance of these solutions was evaluated, highlighting the enhanced capability of protection systems to adapt to dynamic renewable energy conditions. The results demonstrate the critical role of adaptive and hybrid protection systems in supporting the reliable integration of renewable energy into distribution networks, paving the way for a more sustainable energy future.

Keywords:

Renewable energy , distributed generation , power system protection , relay coordination , network stability , adaptive protection