Green Extraction, Phytochemical Profiling, and Biological Evaluation of 𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘶𝘮 𝘏𝘶𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘦 Hydroalcoholic Extract

This study explored the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of Allium humile (AH) extract obtained through a green chemistry approach. The hydroalcoholic extract was prepared via cold maceration using ethanol:water (۷۰:۳۰ v/v), yielding ۳۵.۷۳ g from ۳۰۰ g of powdered plant material, with an extraction efficiency of ۱۱.۹۱ %. Physicochemical analysis revealed standard values for total ash (۶.۸۳%), acid-insoluble ash (۱.۷۲%), water-soluble ash (۳.۹۰%), alcohol-soluble extractives (۱۵.۲%), water-soluble extractives (۱۲.۵%), and pH (۶.۳), indicating a good extract quality. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids. The anti-inflammatory efficacy was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema, adjuvant-induced arthritis, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability models in rats, while analgesic activity was evaluated using tail immersion and von Frey filament assays. Administration of AH extract at doses of ۲۰۰ and ۴۰۰ mg/kg showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects comparable to those of diclofenac sodium. These results indicate that AH is a viable source of bioactive substances for the management of inflammation and pain via natural therapeutic approaches.

Keywords:

𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘶𝘮 𝘏𝘶𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘦 , Green extraction , Phytochemical screening , anti-inflammatory , Analgesic , arthritis , carrageenan , Von frey test