Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotics in The Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: Mechanistic Insights and Potential Long-Term Cancer Risk Reduction

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic complication during pregnancy, affecting ۵–۱۰% of pregnancies globally. Beyond immediate maternal and fetal risks, GDM has been linked to long-term health consequences, including increased susceptibility to type ۲ diabetes and certain cancers, particularly endometrial and breast cancer. In recent years, probiotics—specifically lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species—have shown potential in modulating glucose metabolism, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving insulin sensitivity. This review explores the current clinical and experimental evidence on the role of LAB probiotics in preventing GDM. It also examines their mechanisms of action, including modulation of gut microbiota, production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and enhancement of intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, this paper proposes that early probiotic intervention may not only manage GDM effectively but also contribute to long-term reduction in chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction—factors associated with increased cancer risk. The article concludes by identifying research gaps and proposing future directions to integrate probiotic therapy as part of preventive strategies in maternal healthcare with potential implications for cancer prevention.

Keywords:

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) , Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) , Probiotics , Insulin Resistance , Cancer Risk , Hormone-related cancers