The Impact of Physical Activity on Mental Health in the Elderly: A Narrative Review

With the increasing global aging population and the significant burden of mental disorders in this age group, identifying effective and accessible strategies to enhance the mental health of the elderly is a priority for health systems. This study aimed to comprehensively review existing evidence on the impact of physical activity on the mental health of the elderly using a scoping review methodology. Methods: This narrative review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases using the keywords "physical activity," "mental health," "elderly," "exercise," "mental health," and "elderly" for the period ۲۰۱۵-۲۰۲۵. After initial screening and evaluation of the articles, eligible studies were included in the review. Findings: Studies indicate that various types of physical activity, including aerobic exercises, resistance training, yoga, Tai Chi, and aquatic exercises, are effective in elderly individuals with mild mental disorders. Evidence suggests that the optimal exercise regimen consists of moderate-intensity activity, performed two to three times per week for a duration of ۱۲ weeks to ۵ months, which has the most significant impact on mental health. Furthermore, regular physical activity reduces the risk of dementia and improves cognitive function in the elderly. However, barriers such as fear of falling, physical limitations, social isolation, and inadequate access to exercise facilities limit the participation of the elderly in physical activity. Conclusion: Physical activity is an effective, low-cost, and accessible strategy for enhancing the mental health of the elderly. Integrating structured exercise programs into health policies for the elderly and "prescribing exercise" as part of routine care is recommended.

Keywords:

physical activity , mental health , elderly , exercise , mental disorders