Nanosensors in Focus: Material Innovations and Expanding Applications

Nanosensor has emerged as one of the most transformational results of nanotechnology, which enables ultra-sensitive, selective and real-time detection in a wide spectrum of physical, chemical and biological targets. Their exceptional performance originates from the unique properties of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, quantum dots, metallic nanoparticles, and polymeric or hybrid composites, which provide high surface-to-volume ratios, enhanced conductivity, tunable optical features, and mechanical robustness. By integrating these materials into miniaturized and multifunctional architectures, nanosensors bridge the gap between advanced analytical tools and practical applications, offering unprecedented opportunities in healthcare diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and industrial process control. This review highlights recent progress in nanosensor design, with a particular focus on material-based classifications and the mechanisms that govern signal transduction, providing insights into current trends and the directions shaping the next generation of intelligent sensing systems.

Keywords:

Nanosensor , Nanomaterials , Healthcare diagnostics , Sensing system , Nanosensor design