Strategic Development of Agrivoltaic Greenhouses in Iran Using the TOWS Matrix

Agrivoltaic greenhouses represent an integrated solution for addressing the interconnected challenges of water scarcity, energy shortages, and agricultural sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. While previous assessments have identified the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with agrivoltaic greenhouse systems in Iran, there remains a critical need to translate these findings into actionable development strategies. This study applies the TOWS matrix as a strategic planning framework to transform SWOT factors into practical and context-specific strategies for agrivoltaic greenhouse deployment in Iran. The analysis is based on previously identified internal and external factors derived from an extensive review of scientific literature, technical reports, and national energy and agricultural statistics. Strategic options were formulated through the systematic combination of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats into four categories: SO, WO, ST, and WT strategies. The results indicate that leveraging Iran's high solar irradiance, water-saving potential, and on-site electricity generation capacity can significantly contribute to mitigating peak electricity shortages and improving greenhouse resilience. At the same time, strategies addressing high initial investment costs, low domestic electricity prices, energy supply instability, and environmental risks are essential for enhancing economic viability.

Keywords:

Agrivoltaic Greenhouses , TWOS Matrix , Strategic Planning