Cloning techniques and applications

In the natural world, cloning has been around for centuries. The clone word is derived from the Greek word klon , which means double or twin , and also converted into two. The modern concept of this term is the production of one or more living beings that are completely identical to a living creature in terms of all the genetic and morphological qualities. Cloning using somatic cells can be used to produce many copies of farm animals that have special genetic characteristics, to produce transgenic animals for the production of drug proteins or to preserve endangered species. In addition, cloning can be used as an important tool for studying the performance of genes, as well as for the study of embryonic development and genetic diseases. Currently, more than 35 different species of mammals have been cloned in more than 160 laboratories in 37 countries around the world, or are undergoing elementary or basic studies. So far, more than 20 different cloning techniques have been proposed, each of which has been successful in the further improvement of this technique.

Keywords:

Clone , cloning , somatic cell , mammals