Application of 3D bioprinting in Skin tissue engineering

Introduction: Traditional tissue engineering techniques cannot replicate invitro multi-stratified anisotropic structure. Bioprinting, consist of deposition of cells and scaffold into spatially controlled patterns by computer can control not only the macro but also micro and nanoarchitecture a native skin.Methods: Literature review have been evaluated using EMBASE, PubMed for studies on skin 3D bioprinting, evaluating the bioprinting technique, cell source, scaffold type and in vitro and in vivo results.Results: Based on our the evolution of biological skin displacement, fundamental of bioprinting and how they use in the skin tissue engineering field, potential clinical applications as well the current limitations and future avenues for research. Analysis has been shown that bioinks consisted of keratinocytes and fibroblasts combined with collagen are the most common types of, although stem cells are gaining increasing recognition. The most common printing modality, Laser assisted deposition was ink-jet and pneumatic extrusion have also been tested. Wound healing has been accelerated by bioprinted skin, so it was able to mimic stratified epidermis but not the thick, elastic, vascular dermis.Conclusions: investigation by large collective investments from the cosmetic industry have been shown that, Although 3D bioprinting shows promise in engineering skin the research is still in its infancy. Some obstacles such as vascularity, cell and scaffold combinations and expense of bioprinted skin should be tackled before the clinical applicability can be conducted. Small scale 3D skin tissue models should be tested first for drug and toxicity testing, before we see this technology used in reconstructive surgery patients.