Prevalence and Pathological Features of Cryptorchidism among Iranian Children in Yazd Province, Central Iran

Background Cryptorchidism is defined the failure of one testis or both testes to permanently descend. It is considered as the most common congenital abnormalities. The risk of testicular cancer in men with a history of cryptorchidism increased from three fold to four fold, compared to those without history of cryptorchidism. We aimed to investigate prevalence and pathological features of cryptorchidism among Iranian Children in Central Iran. Materials and Methods In this analytical descriptive study, 61 boys with a diagnosis of cryptorchidism who referred to training hospitals of Yazd city, Yazd province (Central Iran) from January 2016 to January 2017, were enrolled. Information including demographic data was extracted from medical records. Data including testicular propertiesand localization of undescended testes were evaluated by surgeon. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 19.0. Results Prevalence of disease in full term infants and premature were 3.27% and 29.5%, respectively. The most number of boys with cryptorchidism (22 cases) refereed to hospitals were in range of 12-24 months; 17 patients (27.86%) had history of family, and palpable testicles and non-palpable testicles were observed in 53 patients (84.1%),and 10 (15.87%), respectively (P<0.05). Furthermore, 30, 21 and 10 cases had right testicle, left and bilateral testicle, respectivelyand significant difference was observed between these groups in terms of side of cryptorchidism (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of cryptorchidism was relatively high in our province. It seems that geographical, environmental, and genetic variations play a main role in the birth prevalence of these anomalies. In addition, the epididymal anomalies were observed in less than half of patients.

Keywords:

Infants , Cryptorchidism , Iran , Premature , Prevalence , Testis