Combined Therapy for Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Publish place: International Journal of Pediatrics، Vol: 5، Issue: 9
Publish Year: 1396
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: English
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شناسه ملی سند علمی:
JR_INJPM-5-9_009
تاریخ نمایه سازی: 20 مهر 1398
Abstract:
Background Anti-N-methyl- d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune neurological disorder that usually occurs as a paraneoplastic syndrome and is particularly associated with ovarian teratoma. Standard therapy for severe cases is not established and the prognosis in patients who do not respond to first-line treatment is poor. Case Report An 11-year-old boy complained psychiatric symptoms and rapidly lost consciousness. CT scan revealed mediastinal teratoma and serum/spinal fluid was positive for anti-NMDAR antibody. He kept comatose and his brain stem function was profoundly disturbed. His symptoms were refractory to first-line therapy, which involved tumor resection, methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange. We administered a combination therapy of rituximab and cyclophosphamide as second-line therapy and achieved complete recovery without adverse effects related to treatment. Conclusion We consider early intensive treatment with a combination of rituximab and cyclophosphamide to be a safe and effective option for severe cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Authors
Takahiro Kido
Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan, AND Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
Chie Kobayashi
Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Tatsuyuki Ohto
Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Yukitoshi Takahashi
National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, Shizuoka, Japan.