Optimization of Flexible Resource Behavior Oriented PDR Strategy and Reliability Enhancing

Demand response (DR) programs offer tremendous opportunities to those who have concerns about the future of energy. Since the DR strategies facilitate new technologies to take part in the power systems, the idea of spreading of electric vehicles (EVs) attracts the researchers around the world. The proposed EVPLEM aims to maximize the load factor during the daily operation of an EV parking lot taking into account the uncertain behavior of EVs such as arrival and departure times together with the stochastic of the remaining State-Of-Energy (SoE) of EVs when they reach the parking lot that optimal sitting and sizing of parking lots are presented to maintain distribution network reliability. Peak demand reduction (PDR) of Demand Response (DR) is also taken into account in order to enhance reliability while integrating parking lots in distribution networks. Transformer and small groups of customers are aimed to apply to this program. Under the peakdemand reduction scenarios, additional DR enters the wholesale capacity markets, driving down capacity auction clearing prices and reducing total capacity payments. The demand reductions directly prevent load-serving entities (LSEs) from having to procure energy during the periods when there is a load reduction. This provides much higher benefits than average load reduction, as the peak demand times often correspond with the highest prices

Keywords:

Optimal Operation , Demand Response , Flexible Resource , Reliability