بررسی میزان باقی مانده آفت کش های مورد استفاده در میوه جات عرضه شده در میدان مرکزی میوه و تره بار تهران از مناطق مختلف کشور

In order to investigate the pesticide residue levels on some important fruits supplied to the central fruit and vegetable market of Tehran a research was conducted during spring and winter of the year 1390. Four hundred and sixty two samples of twelve fruit types (including apricot, green plum, orange, kiwi, strawberry, cherry, grape, banana, plum and apple-yellow, red and green varieties) were collected and analyzed for detection of 21 pesticides which make up to 70% of the pesticides being used in the country. Four hundred of these samples were from 24 regions in the country and sixty two others including apple, orange, banana and grapes were imported from countries like, South Africa, France, Ecuador, Egypt, Chili and Philippines. Strawberry recorded the highest number of samples contaminated with pesticide residue levels higher than the MRLs showing 18.9% contamination, followed by Kiwi, Grapes and Apple with 17.5%, 10.8% and 9.8% contamination respectively. Diazinon, Phosalone, Bromopropylate and Dichlorvos showed the highest distribution among the twenty pesticides traced in the 12 fruit types under investigation, which means these four pesticides were present in 100 percent of the fruit types. Fenvalerate, Tetradifon, Ethion and Metalaxyl were traced in 11 fruit types which mean contamination of 91.5 percent of the fruit types. Results show that very low MRLs are the most important reason for the determination of contaminations higher than the standard levels in the fruit types. This investigation reveals that the kiwi samples from Astara showed the highest percent contamination with pesticide residue levels higher than the MRLs, among samples collected from four different regions in the country, apricot samples collected from Shahrood among the five regions samples were collected, strawberry collected from Kashan among the four regions samples were collected, plum from Gorgan among the two regions samples were collected, orange samples from Egypt among the imported and indigenous samples, green plum from Ilam among the six regions samples were collected, cherry from Lavasan among the five regions samples were collected, banana from Philippines among the three regions samples were collected, grapes from Kashan among the seven regions samples were collected, red apple from East Azerbaijan among the six regions samples were collected, yellow apple from Uromieh among the five regions samples were collected, and green apple from France among the three countries samples were collected from, showed the highest percent contamination with pesticide residue levels higher than the MRLs. Distribution of pesticides with residue levels higher than the MRLs in the samples were as follows: Penconazole in 50 samples, Diazinon in 25 samples, Propargite in 19 samples, Iprodion in 16 samples, Fenvalerate in 5 samples, Oxydimeton methyl, D.D.T and Fenitrothion in 4 samples, Metalaxyl and Dichlorvos in 3 samples, Profenofos and Amitraz in 2 and Carbaryl, Ethion, Malathion and Tetradifon in 1 sample. The mean contamination of all the fruit types with residue levels higher than the MRLs was 2.1%.