Genetic Variation of Glutenin Subunits and Alleles in Iranian Wheat cultivars

Background and Aim: Glutenins and gliadins, gluten proteins, are the most important components of wheat seeds and provide visco-elasticity to the dough, which defines its bread-making quality. The glutenin characteristics of wheat germplasm have a potential value and understanding the allelic distribution in glutenins loci is very important for any wheat breeding program.Methods: In the present study, ۱۷ Iranian wheat lines and cultivars were analyzed for diversity in high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits and gene alleles.Results: In studied cultivars, ۱۱ different high molecular protein subunits were identified, three of which were related to Glu-A۱, five for Glu-B۱ and three were related to Glu-D۱. The Glu-۱ loci scores ranged from ۵-۱۰.۱ with an average of ۶.۵۹ for all cultivars. Three cultivars Gaspard, Saseyon and LineA had the highest allelic scores from ۸ to ۱۰. The highest frequency at loci Glu-A۱, Glu-B۱, Glu-D۱ were for subunits Null (۷۶%), ۷ +۸ or ۷+۹ (۳۵%) and ۲+۱۲ (۵۹ %), respectively. It was observed that in Sorkhtokhm cultivar allelic composition at the Glu-D۱ locus, the relative mobility in gel electrophoresis (۱۰%) had a behavior similar to ۲+۱۰ subunit, this allelic combination in this research was named ۲/۱+۱۰*.Conclusion: Low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes were investigated using DNA primer pairs for Glu-۳D.۳, Gluu, Glu-۳D.۴ and Glu-D۳ loci. One allele was identified by Glu-۳D.۳ (۶۰۰ bp), Gluu (۶۰۰ bp), Glu-۳D.۴ (۷۰۰ bp), whereas two alleles were identified by Glu-D۳ (۳۰۰ and ۵۰۰ bp).

Keywords:

Allelic variation , Glutenin , HMW-GS , LMW-GS.