Orthopedic implants failure and risk factors: A Systematic Review

Nowadays, orthopedic implants are the necessary devices that producing for bone defects (e.g. broken bones support, severe fractures, replacement of bones, etc). In this study, we reviewed the relationship between orthopedic implant failure and the effects of risk factors on them. Infection, allergy, diabetes, and osteoporosis become risk factors and enhancements to the failure of orthopedic implants .Therefore to avoid the negative effect of orthopedic implant failure, we should identify such high-risk factors that included infection, allergy, diabetes, and osteoporosis. The cause of infection on orthopedic implant failure is direct contamination, spread the infection through a nearby source and owing to bacterial infections which are treated by antibiotics, debridement, etc. Allergies against bone cement and implant materials especially metallic implants because of the metal components releases in the orthopedic implants which led to failure. Moreover diabetes including poor osseointegration and high failure rates. Under diabetic conditions, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) impairs osteogenesis on porous implants, especially metallic implants. Thus, it should be noted in the diabetic information that no clinical infection or motor symptoms are exist. Hence, more attention should be paid to the high-risk patients and treat them with controlled orthopedic surgical procedures.

Keywords:

Orthopedic implants , Implant failure , Risk factors